xas_tp_scf.F

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!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
!   CP2K: A general program to perform molecular dynamics simulations                              !
!   Copyright 2000-2026 CP2K developers group <https://cp2k.org>                                   !
!                                                                                                  !
!   SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later                                                      !
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
 
! **************************************************************************************************
!> \brief xas_scf for the tp method
!>       It is repeaated for every atom that have to be excited
!> \par History
!>      created 05.2005
!> \author MI (05.2005)
! **************************************************************************************************
MODULE xas_tp_scf
   USE atomic_kind_types,               ONLY: atomic_kind_type,&
                                              get_atomic_kind
   USE cell_types,                      ONLY: cell_type,&
                                              pbc
   USE cp_array_utils,                  ONLY: cp_2d_r_p_type
   USE cp_blacs_env,                    ONLY: cp_blacs_env_type
   USE cp_control_types,                ONLY: dft_control_type
   USE cp_dbcsr_api,                    ONLY: dbcsr_copy,&
                                              dbcsr_p_type
   USE cp_external_control,             ONLY: external_control
   USE cp_fm_types,                     ONLY: cp_fm_get_submatrix,&
                                              cp_fm_init_random,&
                                              cp_fm_set_submatrix,&
                                              cp_fm_to_fm,&
                                              cp_fm_type
   USE cp_log_handling,                 ONLY: cp_get_default_logger,&
                                              cp_logger_get_default_io_unit,&
                                              cp_logger_type,&
                                              cp_to_string
   USE cp_output_handling,              ONLY: cp_add_iter_level,&
                                              cp_iterate,&
                                              cp_p_file,&
                                              cp_print_key_finished_output,&
                                              cp_print_key_should_output,&
                                              cp_print_key_unit_nr,&
                                              cp_rm_iter_level
   USE input_constants,                 ONLY: ot_precond_full_kinetic,&
                                              ot_precond_solver_default,&
                                              xas_dscf
   USE input_section_types,             ONLY: section_vals_get_subs_vals,&
                                              section_vals_type
   USE kinds,                           ONLY: dp
   USE machine,                         ONLY: m_flush,&
                                              m_walltime
   USE message_passing,                 ONLY: mp_para_env_type
   USE particle_methods,                ONLY: get_particle_set
   USE particle_types,                  ONLY: particle_type
   USE preconditioner,                  ONLY: make_preconditioner
   USE preconditioner_types,            ONLY: destroy_preconditioner,&
                                              init_preconditioner,&
                                              preconditioner_type
   USE qs_charges_types,                ONLY: qs_charges_type
   USE qs_density_matrices,             ONLY: calculate_density_matrix
   USE qs_density_mixing_types,         ONLY: broyden_mixing_nr,&
                                              direct_mixing_nr,&
                                              gspace_mixing_nr,&
                                              modified_broyden_mixing_nr,&
                                              multisecant_mixing_nr,&
                                              new_pulay_mixing_nr,&
                                              no_mixing_nr,&
                                              pulay_mixing_nr
   USE qs_energy_types,                 ONLY: qs_energy_type
   USE qs_environment_types,            ONLY: get_qs_env,&
                                              qs_environment_type
   USE qs_gspace_mixing,                ONLY: gspace_mixing
   USE qs_kind_types,                   ONLY: qs_kind_type
   USE qs_ks_methods,                   ONLY: qs_ks_update_qs_env
   USE qs_ks_types,                     ONLY: qs_ks_did_change,&
                                              qs_ks_env_type
   USE qs_loc_main,                     ONLY: qs_loc_driver
   USE qs_loc_types,                    ONLY: get_qs_loc_env,&
                                              localized_wfn_control_type,&
                                              qs_loc_env_type
   USE qs_mixing_utils,                 ONLY: self_consistency_check
   USE qs_mo_io,                        ONLY: write_mo_set_to_restart
   USE qs_mo_methods,                   ONLY: calculate_subspace_eigenvalues
   USE qs_mo_occupation,                ONLY: set_mo_occupation
   USE qs_mo_types,                     ONLY: get_mo_set,&
                                              mo_set_type
   USE qs_ot_eigensolver,               ONLY: ot_eigensolver
   USE qs_rho_methods,                  ONLY: qs_rho_update_rho
   USE qs_rho_types,                    ONLY: qs_rho_get,&
                                              qs_rho_type
   USE qs_scf,                          ONLY: scf_env_cleanup,&
                                              scf_env_do_scf
   USE qs_scf_diagonalization,          ONLY: general_eigenproblem
   USE qs_scf_initialization,           ONLY: qs_scf_env_initialize
   USE qs_scf_methods,                  ONLY: scf_env_density_mixing
   USE qs_scf_output,                   ONLY: qs_scf_print_summary
   USE qs_scf_types,                    ONLY: general_diag_method_nr,&
                                              qs_scf_env_type
   USE scf_control_types,               ONLY: scf_control_type
   USE xas_control,                     ONLY: xas_control_type
   USE xas_env_types,                   ONLY: get_xas_env,&
                                              set_xas_env,&
                                              xas_environment_type
   USE xas_restart,                     ONLY: find_excited_core_orbital,&
                                              xas_write_restart
#include "./base/base_uses.f90"
 
   IMPLICIT NONE
   PRIVATE
 
   CHARACTER(len=*), PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: moduleN = 'xas_tp_scf'
 
   ! *** Public subroutines ***
 
   PUBLIC :: xas_do_tp_scf, xes_scf_once
 
CONTAINS
 
! **************************************************************************************************
!> \brief perform an scf loop to calculate the xas spectrum
!>      given by the excitation of a inner state of a selected atom
!>      by using the transition potential method
!> \param dft_control ...
!> \param xas_env the environment for XAS  calculations
!> \param iatom ...
!> \param istate keeps track of the state index for restart writing
!> \param scf_env the scf_env where to perform the scf procedure
!> \param qs_env the qs_env, the scf_env and xas_env live in
!> \param xas_section ...
!> \param scf_section ...
!> \param converged ...
!> \param should_stop ...
!> \par History
!>      05.2005 created [MI]
!> \author MI
! **************************************************************************************************
   SUBROUTINE xas_do_tp_scf(dft_control, xas_env, iatom, istate, scf_env, qs_env, &
                            xas_section, scf_section, converged, should_stop)
 
      TYPE(dft_control_type), POINTER                    :: dft_control
      TYPE(xas_environment_type), POINTER                :: xas_env
      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)                                :: iatom, istate
      TYPE(qs_scf_env_type), POINTER                     :: scf_env
      TYPE(qs_environment_type), POINTER                 :: qs_env
      TYPE(section_vals_type), POINTER                   :: xas_section, scf_section
      LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT)                               :: converged, should_stop
 
      CHARACTER(LEN=*), PARAMETER                        :: routinen = 'xas_do_tp_scf'
 
      INTEGER                                            :: handle, handle2, hole_spin, ispin, &
                                                            iter_count, my_spin, nspin, occ_spin, &
                                                            output_unit
      LOGICAL                                            :: diis_step, energy_only, exit_loop, gapw
      REAL(kind=dp)                                      :: t1, t2
      TYPE(atomic_kind_type), DIMENSION(:), POINTER      :: atomic_kind_set
      TYPE(cp_logger_type), POINTER                      :: logger
      TYPE(dbcsr_p_type), DIMENSION(:), POINTER          :: matrix_ks, matrix_s
      TYPE(dbcsr_p_type), DIMENSION(:, :), POINTER       :: rho_ao_kp
      TYPE(mo_set_type), DIMENSION(:), POINTER           :: mos
      TYPE(mp_para_env_type), POINTER                    :: para_env
      TYPE(particle_type), DIMENSION(:), POINTER         :: particle_set
      TYPE(qs_charges_type), POINTER                     :: qs_charges
      TYPE(qs_energy_type), POINTER                      :: energy
      TYPE(qs_kind_type), DIMENSION(:), POINTER          :: qs_kind_set
      TYPE(qs_ks_env_type), POINTER                      :: ks_env
      TYPE(qs_rho_type), POINTER                         :: rho
      TYPE(scf_control_type), POINTER                    :: scf_control
      TYPE(section_vals_type), POINTER                   :: dft_section
      TYPE(xas_control_type), POINTER                    :: xas_control
 
      CALL timeset(routinen, handle)
      NULLIFY (xas_control, matrix_s, matrix_ks, para_env, rho_ao_kp)
      NULLIFY (rho, energy, scf_control, logger, ks_env, mos, atomic_kind_set)
      NULLIFY (qs_charges, particle_set, qs_kind_set)
 
      logger => cp_get_default_logger()
      t1 = m_walltime()
      converged = .true.
 
      cpassert(ASSOCIATED(xas_env))
      cpassert(ASSOCIATED(scf_env))
      cpassert(ASSOCIATED(qs_env))
 
      CALL get_qs_env(qs_env=qs_env, &
                      atomic_kind_set=atomic_kind_set, &
                      matrix_s=matrix_s, energy=energy, &
                      qs_charges=qs_charges, &
                      ks_env=ks_env, para_env=para_env)
 
      CALL get_xas_env(xas_env, scf_control=scf_control, spin_channel=my_spin)
 
      energy_only = .false.
      output_unit = cp_print_key_unit_nr(logger, xas_section, "PRINT%PROGRAM_RUN_INFO", &
                                         extension=".xasLog")
      IF (output_unit > 0) THEN
         WRITE (unit=output_unit, fmt="(/,/,T2,A)") "XAS_TP_SCF WAVEFUNCTION OPTIMIZATION"
      END IF
 
      !   GAPW method must be used
      gapw = dft_control%qs_control%gapw
      cpassert(gapw)
      xas_control => dft_control%xas_control
 
      CALL cp_add_iter_level(logger%iter_info, "XAS_SCF")
 
      CALL get_qs_env(qs_env, matrix_ks=matrix_ks, rho=rho, mos=mos)
      CALL qs_rho_get(rho, rho_ao_kp=rho_ao_kp)
 
      iter_count = 0
      diis_step = .false.
      nspin = dft_control%nspins
 
      IF (output_unit > 0) THEN
         WRITE (unit=output_unit, &
                fmt="(/,T3,A,T12,A,T31,A,T40,A,T60,A,T75,A/,T3,A)") &
            "Step", "Update method", "Time", "Convergence", "Total energy", "Change", &
            repeat("-", 77)
      END IF
 
      !   *** SCF loop ***
 
      energy%tot_old = 0.0_dp
      scf_loop: DO
         CALL timeset(routinen//"_inner_loop", handle2)
 
         exit_loop = .false.
         IF (output_unit > 0) CALL m_flush(output_unit)
 
         iter_count = iter_count + 1
         CALL cp_iterate(logger%iter_info, last=.false., iter_nr=iter_count)
 
         ! ** here qs_env%rho%rho_r and qs_env%rho%rho_g should be up to date
 
         CALL qs_ks_update_qs_env(qs_env, calculate_forces=.false., just_energy=energy_only)
 
         SELECT CASE (scf_env%method)
         CASE DEFAULT
            CALL cp_abort(__location__, &
                          "unknown scf method method for core level spectroscopy"// &
                          cp_to_string(scf_env%method))
 
         CASE (general_diag_method_nr) ! diagonalisation (default)
 
            scf_env%iter_count = iter_count
            CALL general_eigenproblem(scf_env, mos, matrix_ks, &
                                      matrix_s, scf_control, scf_section, &
                                      diis_step)
 
            CALL find_excited_core_orbital(xas_env, mos, matrix_s)
 
            ! set occupation for the respective spin channels
            IF (my_spin == 1) THEN
               hole_spin = 1 ! hole is generated in channel 1
               occ_spin = 2
            ELSE
               hole_spin = 2
               occ_spin = 1
            END IF
            CALL set_mo_occupation(mo_set=mos(hole_spin), &
                                   smear=scf_control%smear, &
                                   xas_env=xas_env)
            CALL set_mo_occupation(mo_set=mos(occ_spin), &
                                   smear=scf_control%smear)
            DO ispin = 1, nspin
               ! does not yet handle k-points
               CALL calculate_density_matrix(mos(ispin), &
                                             scf_env%p_mix_new(ispin, 1)%matrix)
            END DO
            energy%kTS = 0.0_dp
            energy%efermi = 0.0_dp
            DO ispin = 1, nspin
               energy%kTS = energy%kTS + mos(ispin)%kTS
               energy%efermi = energy%efermi + mos(ispin)%mu
            END DO
            energy%efermi = energy%efermi/real(nspin, kind=dp)
 
         END SELECT
 
         SELECT CASE (scf_env%mixing_method)
         CASE (direct_mixing_nr)
            CALL scf_env_density_mixing(scf_env%p_mix_new, &
                                        scf_env%mixing_store, rho_ao_kp, para_env, scf_env%iter_delta, scf_env%iter_count, &
                                        diis=diis_step)
         CASE (gspace_mixing_nr, pulay_mixing_nr, broyden_mixing_nr, modified_broyden_mixing_nr, &
               multisecant_mixing_nr, new_pulay_mixing_nr)
            ! Compute the difference p_out-p_in
            CALL self_consistency_check(rho_ao_kp, scf_env%p_delta, para_env, scf_env%p_mix_new, &
                                        delta=scf_env%iter_delta)
         CASE (no_mixing_nr)
         CASE DEFAULT
            CALL cp_abort(__location__, &
                          "unknown scf mixing method: "// &
                          cp_to_string(scf_env%mixing_method))
         END SELECT
 
         t2 = m_walltime()
 
         IF (output_unit > 0 .AND. scf_env%print_iter_line) THEN
            WRITE (unit=output_unit, &
                   fmt="(T2,I5,1X,A,T20,E8.2,1X,F6.1,1X,F14.8,1X,F20.10,1X,ES9.2)") &
               iter_count, trim(scf_env%iter_method), &
               scf_env%iter_param, t2 - t1, scf_env%iter_delta, energy%total, &
               energy%total - energy%tot_old
         END IF
         energy%tot_old = energy%total
 
         ! ** convergence check
         CALL external_control(should_stop, "XASSCF", target_time=qs_env%target_time, &
                               start_time=qs_env%start_time)
         IF (scf_env%iter_delta < scf_control%eps_scf) THEN
            IF (output_unit > 0) THEN
               WRITE (unit=output_unit, fmt="(/,T3,A,I5,A/)") &
                  "*** SCF run converged in ", iter_count, " steps ***"
            END IF
            exit_loop = .true.
         ELSE IF (should_stop .OR. iter_count == scf_control%max_scf) THEN
            IF (output_unit > 0) THEN
               WRITE (unit=output_unit, fmt="(/,T3,A,/)") &
                  "*** SCF run NOT converged ***"
            END IF
            converged = .false.
            exit_loop = .true.
         END IF
         !   *** Exit if we have finished with the SCF inner loop ***
         IF (exit_loop) THEN
            ! now, print out energies and charges corresponding to the obtained wfn
            ! (this actually is not 100% consistent at this point)!
            CALL qs_scf_print_summary(output_unit, qs_env)
            CALL cp_iterate(logger%iter_info, last=.true., iter_nr=iter_count)
         END IF
 
         ! ** Write restart file **
         CALL xas_write_restart(xas_env, xas_section, qs_env, xas_control%xas_method, &
                                iatom, istate)
 
         dft_section => section_vals_get_subs_vals(qs_env%input, "DFT")
         CALL get_qs_env(qs_env=qs_env, mos=mos, particle_set=particle_set, qs_kind_set=qs_kind_set)
         CALL write_mo_set_to_restart(mos, particle_set, dft_section=dft_section, qs_kind_set=qs_kind_set)
 
         IF (exit_loop) THEN
            CALL timestop(handle2)
            EXIT scf_loop
         END IF
 
         IF (.NOT. btest(cp_print_key_should_output(logger%iter_info, &
                                                    xas_section, "PRINT%ITERATION_INFO/TIME_CUMUL"), cp_p_file)) t1 = m_walltime()
 
         !   *** mixing methods have the new density matrix in p_mix_new
         IF (scf_env%mixing_method > 0) THEN
            DO ispin = 1, nspin
               ! does not yet handle k-points
               CALL dbcsr_copy(rho_ao_kp(ispin, 1)%matrix, scf_env%p_mix_new(ispin, 1)%matrix)
            END DO
         END IF
 
         ! ** update qs_env%rho
         CALL qs_rho_update_rho(rho, qs_env=qs_env)
         IF (scf_env%mixing_method >= gspace_mixing_nr) THEN
            CALL gspace_mixing(qs_env, scf_env%mixing_method, scf_env%mixing_store, rho, para_env, &
                               scf_env%iter_count)
         END IF
 
         CALL qs_ks_did_change(ks_env, rho_changed=.true.)
         CALL timestop(handle2)
 
      END DO scf_loop
 
      IF (output_unit > 0) THEN
         WRITE (unit=output_unit, fmt="(/,(T3,A,T55,F25.14))") &
            "Ionization potential of the excited atom:      ", xas_env%IP_energy
         CALL m_flush(output_unit)
      END IF
 
      CALL para_env%sync()
      CALL qs_ks_did_change(ks_env, rho_changed=.true.)
 
      CALL cls_prepare_states(xas_control, xas_env, qs_env, iatom, xas_section, output_unit)
 
      CALL para_env%sync()
 
      CALL cp_print_key_finished_output(output_unit, logger, xas_section, &
                                        "PRINT%PROGRAM_RUN_INFO")
      CALL cp_rm_iter_level(logger%iter_info, "XAS_SCF")
 
      CALL timestop(handle)
 
   END SUBROUTINE xas_do_tp_scf
! **************************************************************************************************
!> \brief  Post processing of the optimized wfn in XAS scheme, as preparation for
!>         the calculation of the spectrum
!> \param xas_control ...
!> \param xas_env the environment for XAS  calculations
!> \param qs_env the qs_env, the scf_env and xas_env live in
!> \param iatom index of the excited atom
!> \param xas_section ...
!> \param output_unit ...
!> \par History
!>      05.2005 created [MI]
!> \author MI
! **************************************************************************************************
   SUBROUTINE cls_prepare_states(xas_control, xas_env, qs_env, iatom, xas_section, output_unit)
 
      TYPE(xas_control_type)                             :: xas_control
      TYPE(xas_environment_type), POINTER                :: xas_env
      TYPE(qs_environment_type), POINTER                 :: qs_env
      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)                                :: iatom
      TYPE(section_vals_type), POINTER                   :: xas_section
      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)                                :: output_unit
 
      CHARACTER(LEN=*), PARAMETER :: routinen = 'cls_prepare_states'
 
      INTEGER :: handle, i, ikind, isgf, ispin, istate, j, my_kind, my_spin, my_state, nao, natom, &
         nexc_search, nmo, nvirtual2, uno_iter, xas_estate
      INTEGER, ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:)                 :: first_sgf
      INTEGER, DIMENSION(:), POINTER                     :: mykind_of_kind
      REAL(dp), DIMENSION(:, :), POINTER                 :: centers_wfn
      REAL(kind=dp)                                      :: component, dist, max_overlap, ra(3), &
                                                            rac(3), rc(3), sto_state_overlap, &
                                                            uno_eps
      REAL(kind=dp), DIMENSION(:), POINTER               :: all_evals, eigenvalues, uno_evals
      REAL(kind=dp), DIMENSION(:, :), POINTER            :: vecbuffer
      TYPE(atomic_kind_type), POINTER                    :: atomic_kind
      TYPE(cell_type), POINTER                           :: cell
      TYPE(cp_2d_r_p_type), DIMENSION(:), POINTER        :: stogto_overlap
      TYPE(cp_blacs_env_type), POINTER                   :: blacs_env
      TYPE(cp_fm_type), POINTER                          :: all_vectors, excvec_coeff, &
                                                            excvec_overlap, mo_coeff, uno_orbs
      TYPE(dbcsr_p_type), DIMENSION(:), POINTER          :: kinetic, matrix_ks, matrix_s
      TYPE(dft_control_type), POINTER                    :: dft_control
      TYPE(localized_wfn_control_type), POINTER          :: localized_wfn_control
      TYPE(mo_set_type), DIMENSION(:), POINTER           :: mos
      TYPE(mp_para_env_type), POINTER                    :: para_env
      TYPE(particle_type), DIMENSION(:), POINTER         :: particle_set
      TYPE(preconditioner_type), POINTER                 :: local_preconditioner
      TYPE(qs_kind_type), DIMENSION(:), POINTER          :: qs_kind_set
      TYPE(qs_loc_env_type), POINTER                     :: qs_loc_env
      TYPE(scf_control_type), POINTER                    :: scf_control
      TYPE(section_vals_type), POINTER                   :: loc_section, print_loc_section
 
      CALL timeset(routinen, handle)
 
      NULLIFY (atomic_kind, dft_control, matrix_s, matrix_ks, qs_kind_set, kinetic)
      NULLIFY (cell, particle_set, local_preconditioner, vecbuffer)
      NULLIFY (dft_control, loc_section, mos, mo_coeff, eigenvalues)
      NULLIFY (centers_wfn, mykind_of_kind, qs_loc_env, localized_wfn_control, stogto_overlap)
      NULLIFY (all_evals, all_vectors, excvec_coeff, excvec_overlap, uno_evals, para_env, blacs_env)
 
      cpassert(ASSOCIATED(xas_env))
 
      CALL get_qs_env(qs_env, &
                      cell=cell, &
                      dft_control=dft_control, &
                      matrix_ks=matrix_ks, &
                      matrix_s=matrix_s, &
                      kinetic=kinetic, &
                      mos=mos, &
                      particle_set=particle_set, &
                      qs_kind_set=qs_kind_set, &
                      para_env=para_env, &
                      blacs_env=blacs_env)
 
      ! Some elements from the xas_env
      CALL get_xas_env(xas_env=xas_env, &
                       all_vectors=all_vectors, all_evals=all_evals, &
                       excvec_coeff=excvec_coeff, &
                       nvirtual2=nvirtual2, xas_estate=xas_estate, &
                       excvec_overlap=excvec_overlap, nexc_search=nexc_search, &
                       spin_channel=my_spin, scf_control=scf_control)
      cpassert(ASSOCIATED(excvec_overlap))
 
      CALL get_mo_set(mos(my_spin), mo_coeff=mo_coeff, nao=nao, &
                      eigenvalues=eigenvalues)
 
      ALLOCATE (vecbuffer(1, nao))
      vecbuffer = 0.0_dp
      natom = SIZE(particle_set, 1)
      ALLOCATE (first_sgf(natom))
      CALL get_particle_set(particle_set, qs_kind_set, first_sgf=first_sgf)
      ALLOCATE (centers_wfn(3, nexc_search))
      centers_wfn = 0.0_dp
 
      ! Possible only for emission only
      IF (scf_control%use_ot) THEN
         IF (output_unit > 0) THEN
            WRITE (unit=output_unit, fmt="(/,/,T2,A)") " Eigenstates are derived "// &
               "from the MOs optimized by OT. Follows localization of the core states"// &
               " to identify the excited orbital."
         END IF
 
         CALL get_xas_env(xas_env=xas_env, &
                          mykind_of_kind=mykind_of_kind, qs_loc_env=qs_loc_env, &
                          stogto_overlap=stogto_overlap)
         CALL get_qs_loc_env(qs_loc_env=qs_loc_env, &
                             localized_wfn_control=localized_wfn_control)
         loc_section => section_vals_get_subs_vals(xas_section, "LOCALIZE")
         print_loc_section => section_vals_get_subs_vals(loc_section, "PRINT")
         CALL qs_loc_driver(qs_env, qs_loc_env, print_loc_section, myspin=1)
         ra(1:3) = particle_set(iatom)%r(1:3)
 
         NULLIFY (atomic_kind)
         atomic_kind => particle_set(iatom)%atomic_kind
         CALL get_atomic_kind(atomic_kind=atomic_kind, &
                              kind_number=ikind)
         my_kind = mykind_of_kind(ikind)
 
         my_state = 0
 
         ! Rotate the wfn to get the eigenstate of the KS hamiltonian
         ! Only ispin=1 should be needed
         DO ispin = 1, dft_control%nspins
            CALL get_mo_set(mos(ispin), mo_coeff=mo_coeff, nmo=nmo, &
                            eigenvalues=eigenvalues)
            CALL calculate_subspace_eigenvalues(mo_coeff, &
                                                matrix_ks(ispin)%matrix, eigenvalues, &
                                                do_rotation=.true.)
         END DO ! ispin
 
         !Search for the core state to be excited
         max_overlap = 0.0_dp
         DO istate = 1, nexc_search
            centers_wfn(1, istate) = localized_wfn_control%centers_set(my_spin)%array(1, istate)
            centers_wfn(2, istate) = localized_wfn_control%centers_set(my_spin)%array(2, istate)
            centers_wfn(3, istate) = localized_wfn_control%centers_set(my_spin)%array(3, istate)
 
            rc(1:3) = centers_wfn(1:3, istate)
            rac = pbc(ra, rc, cell)
            dist = rac(1)*rac(1) + rac(2)*rac(2) + rac(3)*rac(3)
 
            IF (dist < 1.0_dp) THEN
               CALL cp_fm_get_submatrix(mo_coeff, vecbuffer, 1, istate, &
                                        nao, 1, transpose=.true.)
               sto_state_overlap = 0.0_dp
               DO i = 1, SIZE(stogto_overlap(my_kind)%array, 1)
                  component = 0.0_dp
                  DO j = 1, SIZE(stogto_overlap(my_kind)%array, 2)
                     isgf = first_sgf(iatom) + j - 1
                     component = component + stogto_overlap(my_kind)%array(i, j)*vecbuffer(1, isgf)
                  END DO ! j size
                  sto_state_overlap = sto_state_overlap + &
                                      component*component
               END DO ! i size
 
               IF (sto_state_overlap > max_overlap) THEN
                  max_overlap = sto_state_overlap
                  my_state = istate
               END IF
            END IF
         END DO !  istate
 
         IF (my_state == 0) &
            cpabort("Could not identify the core state to be excited")
         xas_estate = my_state
         CALL get_mo_set(mos(my_spin), mo_coeff=mo_coeff)
         CALL cp_fm_get_submatrix(mo_coeff, vecbuffer, 1, xas_estate, &
                                  nao, 1, transpose=.true.)
         CALL cp_fm_set_submatrix(excvec_coeff, vecbuffer, 1, 1, &
                                  nao, 1, transpose=.true.)
         !
      END IF
 
      CALL para_env%sync()
      !Calculate the virtual states from the KS matrix matrix_ks(1)
      IF (nvirtual2 > 0) THEN
         NULLIFY (mo_coeff)
         CALL get_mo_set(mos(my_spin), mo_coeff=mo_coeff, nmo=nmo)
         IF (output_unit > 0) THEN
            WRITE (unit=output_unit, fmt="(/,/,T2,A,I5,A,I6,A)") " Calculation of ", nvirtual2, &
               " additional virtual states of the subspace complementary to the"// &
               " lowest ", nmo, " states"
         END IF
 
         NULLIFY (uno_orbs, uno_evals, local_preconditioner)
         ALLOCATE (local_preconditioner)
         CALL init_preconditioner(local_preconditioner, para_env=para_env, &
                                  blacs_env=blacs_env)
 
         CALL make_preconditioner(local_preconditioner, &
                                  precon_type=ot_precond_full_kinetic, &
                                  solver_type=ot_precond_solver_default, &
                                  matrix_h=matrix_ks(my_spin)%matrix, &
                                  matrix_s=matrix_s(1)%matrix, &
                                  matrix_t=kinetic(1)%matrix, &
                                  convert_precond_to_dbcsr=.true., &
                                  mo_set=mos(my_spin), energy_gap=0.2_dp)
 
         CALL get_xas_env(xas_env=xas_env, unoccupied_orbs=uno_orbs, &
                          unoccupied_evals=uno_evals, unoccupied_eps=uno_eps, unoccupied_max_iter=uno_iter)
         CALL cp_fm_init_random(uno_orbs, nvirtual2)
 
         CALL ot_eigensolver(matrix_h=matrix_ks(my_spin)%matrix, matrix_s=matrix_s(1)%matrix, &
                             matrix_c_fm=uno_orbs, matrix_orthogonal_space_fm=mo_coeff, &
                             preconditioner=local_preconditioner, eps_gradient=uno_eps, &
                             iter_max=uno_iter, size_ortho_space=nmo)
 
         CALL calculate_subspace_eigenvalues(uno_orbs, matrix_ks(my_spin)%matrix, &
                                             uno_evals, do_rotation=.true.)
         CALL destroy_preconditioner(local_preconditioner)
 
         DEALLOCATE (local_preconditioner)
      END IF
 
      CALL para_env%sync()
      ! Prapare arrays for the calculation of the spectrum
      IF (.NOT. xas_control%xas_method == xas_dscf) THEN
         ! Copy the final vectors in the array
         NULLIFY (all_vectors, all_evals)
         CALL get_xas_env(xas_env=xas_env, all_vectors=all_vectors, &
                          all_evals=all_evals)
         CALL get_mo_set(mos(my_spin), eigenvalues=eigenvalues, mo_coeff=mo_coeff, &
                         nmo=nmo)
 
         CALL cp_fm_to_fm(mo_coeff, all_vectors, ncol=nmo, &
                          source_start=1, target_start=1)
         DO istate = 1, nmo
            all_evals(istate) = eigenvalues(istate)
         END DO
         IF (nvirtual2 > 0) THEN
            CALL cp_fm_to_fm(uno_orbs, all_vectors, ncol=nvirtual2, &
                             source_start=1, target_start=1 + nmo)
            DO istate = 1, nvirtual2
               all_evals(istate + nmo) = uno_evals(istate)
            END DO
         END IF
      END IF
 
      DEALLOCATE (vecbuffer)
      DEALLOCATE (centers_wfn, first_sgf)
 
      CALL timestop(handle)
 
   END SUBROUTINE cls_prepare_states
 
! **************************************************************************************************
!> \brief  SCF for emission spectra calculations: vacancy in valence
!> \param qs_env the qs_env, the scf_env and xas_env live in
!> \param xas_env the environment for XAS  calculations
!> \param converged ...
!> \param should_stop ...
!> \par History
!>      05.2005 created [MI]
!> \author MI
! **************************************************************************************************
   SUBROUTINE xes_scf_once(qs_env, xas_env, converged, should_stop)
 
      TYPE(qs_environment_type), POINTER                 :: qs_env
      TYPE(xas_environment_type), POINTER                :: xas_env
      LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT)                               :: converged, should_stop
 
      CHARACTER(LEN=*), PARAMETER                        :: routinen = 'xes_scf_once'
 
      INTEGER                                            :: handle, ispin, istate, my_spin, nmo, &
                                                            nvirtual, nvirtual2, output_unit, &
                                                            tsteps
      REAL(kind=dp), DIMENSION(:), POINTER               :: all_evals, eigenvalues
      TYPE(cp_fm_type), POINTER                          :: all_vectors, mo_coeff
      TYPE(cp_logger_type), POINTER                      :: logger
      TYPE(dbcsr_p_type), DIMENSION(:), POINTER          :: matrix_ks
      TYPE(dft_control_type), POINTER                    :: dft_control
      TYPE(mo_set_type), DIMENSION(:), POINTER           :: mos
      TYPE(mp_para_env_type), POINTER                    :: para_env
      TYPE(qs_scf_env_type), POINTER                     :: scf_env
      TYPE(scf_control_type), POINTER                    :: scf_control
      TYPE(section_vals_type), POINTER                   :: dft_section, scf_section, xas_section
      TYPE(xas_control_type), POINTER                    :: xas_control
 
      NULLIFY (dft_control, scf_control, scf_env, matrix_ks, mos, para_env, xas_control)
      NULLIFY (dft_section, xas_section, scf_section, all_vectors, mo_coeff, all_evals, eigenvalues)
      NULLIFY (logger)
      logger => cp_get_default_logger()
      output_unit = cp_logger_get_default_io_unit(logger)
 
      CALL timeset(routinen, handle)
 
      cpassert(ASSOCIATED(xas_env))
      CALL get_qs_env(qs_env=qs_env, dft_control=dft_control, &
                      matrix_ks=matrix_ks, mos=mos, para_env=para_env)
 
      xas_control => dft_control%xas_control
      CALL get_xas_env(xas_env, scf_control=scf_control, spin_channel=my_spin)
 
      dft_section => section_vals_get_subs_vals(qs_env%input, "DFT")
      xas_section => section_vals_get_subs_vals(dft_section, "XAS")
      scf_section => section_vals_get_subs_vals(xas_section, "SCF")
 
      IF (xas_env%homo_occ == 0) THEN
 
         NULLIFY (scf_env)
         CALL get_xas_env(xas_env, scf_env=scf_env)
         IF (.NOT. ASSOCIATED(scf_env)) THEN
            CALL qs_scf_env_initialize(qs_env, scf_env, scf_control, scf_section)
            CALL set_xas_env(xas_env, scf_env=scf_env)
         ELSE
            CALL qs_scf_env_initialize(qs_env, scf_env, scf_control, scf_section)
         END IF
 
         CALL scf_env_do_scf(scf_env=scf_env, scf_control=scf_control, qs_env=qs_env, &
                             converged=converged, should_stop=should_stop, total_scf_steps=tsteps)
         CALL scf_env_cleanup(scf_env)
 
      END IF
 
      !   The eigenstate of the KS Hamiltonian are nedeed
      NULLIFY (mo_coeff, eigenvalues)
      IF (scf_control%use_ot) THEN
         IF (output_unit > 0) THEN
            WRITE (unit=output_unit, fmt="(/,T10,A,/)") &
               "Get eigenstates and eigenvalues from ground state MOs"
         END IF
         DO ispin = 1, SIZE(mos)
            CALL get_mo_set(mos(ispin), mo_coeff=mo_coeff, &
                            eigenvalues=eigenvalues)
            CALL calculate_subspace_eigenvalues(mo_coeff, &
                                                matrix_ks(ispin)%matrix, eigenvalues, &
                                                do_rotation=.true.)
         END DO
      END IF
      CALL get_xas_env(xas_env=xas_env, all_vectors=all_vectors, &
                       all_evals=all_evals, nvirtual2=nvirtual2)
      CALL get_mo_set(mos(my_spin), eigenvalues=eigenvalues, mo_coeff=mo_coeff, nmo=nmo)
 
      CALL cp_fm_to_fm(mo_coeff, all_vectors, ncol=nmo, &
                       source_start=1, target_start=1)
      DO istate = 1, nmo
         all_evals(istate) = eigenvalues(istate)
      END DO
 
      IF (nvirtual2 /= 0) THEN
         IF (output_unit > 0) THEN
            WRITE (unit=output_unit, fmt="(/,T10,A,/)") &
               "WARNING: for this XES calculation additional unoccupied MOs are not needed"
         END IF
         nvirtual2 = 0
         nvirtual = nmo
         CALL set_xas_env(xas_env=xas_env, nvirtual=nvirtual, nvirtual2=nvirtual2)
      END IF
 
      CALL timestop(handle)
 
   END SUBROUTINE xes_scf_once
 
END MODULE xas_tp_scf